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广东高职高考英语代词考点讲解

admin_hua2021-11-05 11:04:45高职高考常见问题921来源:高职高考信息网
今天广州星华教育老师给大家分享一下广东高职高考英语代词考点讲解,希望对大家学习有帮助。

今天广州星华教育老师给大家分享一下广东高职高考英语代词考点讲解,希望对大家学习有帮助。
命题规律
1.五年高考有关代词考点分布:
it用法,替代词,不定代词,其他代词
2.近五年代词的考点仍集中在不定代词上,考查角度有两个:
1) 考查他们在特定结构中的用法,如anyone, both, neither, nothing 等于定语从句相结合。
2) 考查 any, some, all, none, other, another 等不定代词在特定语境中的意义和功能差别。
3.试题注重了情景干扰,注重了特定语言环境中上,下文的联系,而且题干的语义结构趋于复杂,强调与其其他相关语法知识相结合。正确把握句意,分析句试结构在解题中起着很重要的作用。
命题趋势
1. 过去的热点仍在,新热点逐步呈现。如对不定代词的考查,而对it的考查热点在逐步形成。
2. 加强在特定语境中代词与其他相关语法的综合考查。
3. 2008年高考预测
各地在对单项选择的语法考查中对代词则百考不“厌”。分析各类考题尤其是高考题,可以看出对代词的考查一直是一个热点,且考查手法更加灵活,要求更高,所以在2008年高考中,代词仍将为考查的热点。不定代词one, the one, ones, the ones与指示代词this, that, these, those, it 的用法区别、代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语(例如help oneself, please yourself, by (for, of) oneself, enjoy oneself等将会是未来高考的命题重点。
突破方法
代词在具体的语境中运用起来往往具有很大的灵活性,高考英语试题对代词的考查更是灵活多变。我们应从以下几方面入手来把握代词的解题规律
1.明确指代。在解答代词题目时,我们应首先分析前后文,明确代词所指代的对象,从而避免误判。具体说来应从以下几方面考虑:(1)代词指代的是人还是物;(2) 代词指代的是可数名词还是不可数名词;(3)代词指代的是特指还是泛指概念; (4) 代词指代的概念是表示两者之间还是三者或三者以上。(5) 代词所表示的是肯定还是否定概念。
2.理清逻辑。需要通过分析上下文所蕴涵的逻辑关系才能做出正确判断。具体说来应从以下方面去考虑:(1) 代词所表示的范围;(2) 代词表示的是全部否定还是部分否定。
3 吃透语境。考查的是代词在具体语境中的灵活运用,这样的题目须分析在具体的语境中运用起来往往具有很大的灵活性,高考英语试题对代词的考查更是灵活多变。                                                  2008年高考预测
各地在对单项选择的语法考查中对代词则百考不“厌”。分析各类考题尤其是高考题,可以看出对代词的考查一直是一个热点,且考查手法更加灵活,要求更高,所以在2008年高考中,代词仍将为考查的热点。不定代词one, the one, ones, the ones与指示代词this, that, these, those, it 的用法区别、代词的肯定与否定、全部与部分的用法以及反身代词的惯用语(例如help oneself, please yourself, by (for, of) oneself, enjoy oneself等将会是未来高考的命题重点。
知识清单
代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为下列八类:
一、人称代词( Personal Pronouns ) we , I , you , they, us, me, etc.
二、物主代词( Possessive Pronouns ) our, my ,your, their, his, her, etc.
三、反身代词(Reflective Pronouns) ourselves, myself, yourselves, yourself , herself , etc.
四、相互代词( Reciprocal Pronouns ) each other ,one another , etc.
五、指示代词( Demonstrative Pronouns ) this , that , these , those , such , etc.
六、疑问代词( Interrogative Pronouns ) what, when, who, where, whose, etc.
七、关系代词( Relative Pronouns) what, when, who, where, whose , etc.
八、不定代词( Indefinite Pronouns ) any , some ,every , many , much , a little , etc.
一.人称代词:
人称代词分主格和宾格两种,前者在句子中担任主语,后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German.        / Please pass me the ruler.
①人称代词的用法:
a.当代词成对地使用或一个代词与一个名词搭配使用时,两个部分的句法功能必须一致。Li Hong and I went shopping yesterday.
It was our teacher who smoothed away the difference between you and me.
注:人称代词的排列一般为:第二人称,第三人称,第一人称。
you, he and I          them and us
如有其他代词时,其他代词排列于人称代词之后,如:he, I and some others
b.人称代词用作表语时,如说明主语,一般要用主格,如说明宾语则要用宾格。
If I were she, I would take your advice.
I would share the room with you if you were him.
②"It"的用法。
a.用作人称代词,代替前文提到过的事物。
Where is the cat? It's in the kitchen.
Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?
My book is missing. I can't find it anywhere.
b.用以代替指示代词this, that。
What's this? -- It's a frog.     /Whose pen is that? -- It's mine.
c.表示时间,天气,距离等。
A lovely day, isn't it?     /It's two o'clock.
It's about two li from here to our school.
d.用作形式主语,形式宾语,代替不定式短语,动名词或从句。
It's no use talking with him about that.
It took me twenty minutes to get there.
We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.
e.用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分(通常是主语,宾语或状语),常用强调结构"It is (was) + 被强调成分 + that(或who)…"。
It was Liu Ming that I saw in the street this morning.
It was in the classroom that he told me about it.
二、物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语,例:
My brother often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房间里做作业。
The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我们的实验室。
Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。
名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义= 形容词性物
主代词+名词;或者说它相当于名词。例:
His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的词典是英汉的,我的是全英的。
We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history. 我们一人买了一本书。你的是关于管理的,我的是关于美国历史的。
三、反身代词的作用
反身代词在句子中可作宾语:当它作动词宾语时,动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物;当它作介词by的宾语时,则表示强调。例:
The prisoner killed himself by taking poison. 犯人服毒自杀了。
He finished the work by himself. 他独自完成了那件工作。
反身代词在句子中也可作同位语,用来加强名词或代词的语气,强调某人亲自、
本人;这时它可能在名词、代词之后,也可能在句子末尾。例:
The students will clean the classroom themselves. 学生们将自己打扫教室。
I myself heard him say it . 我亲耳听他说的。
四.相互代词each other ,one another.前者通常指两者之间的“相互”,后者侧重三者或三者以上的“相互”,也可指两者之间的“相互”。
五.指示代词this/these一般用来指时间和空间上较近的人或物;that/those 常指时间和
空间上较远的人或物。

进行比较时,that可代替不可数名词或单数名词以避免重复;those 可代替复数名词以
免重复。
六。疑问代词:
用于构成特殊疑问句,其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征,可以和名词连用。
What job do you want to find?      /Whose girl is she?
Which subject is your best one?
所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用,在句子中担任成分。
Who told you?               /Whom are you waiting for?
Whose are those books?
在学习疑问代词时,对以下几组词注意区别:
1) which和what
两者均可与名词连用,就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况,what用于无选择范围或究竟是什么还不清楚的情况。
Which colour do you like-green, red, yellow or brown?
What colour is her dress?
What writers do you like best?
2)which和who 两者都可作代词,它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小,which一般用作指物。
Which would you like to eat -steak or fish?
Who won the game -Smith or Johnson ?
当有一定选择范围时,which one代替who作宾语.
Which one do you like better, your mother or your father?
Which of可和人称代词或指人的名词连用,如:
Which of you has taken away my English book?
3)连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等,除起连接作用外,还可以在从句中担当主语,宾语,定语,表语等成分。如:
The question is who can operate the new machine.(引导表语从句--作主语)
They asked whose idea this was.(引导宾语从句--作定语)
When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.
(引导宾语从句--作定语)
I'll give my ticket to whoever wants it.
(这里whoever可看成"anyone who",or"the person who").
七.关系代词
关系代词是一种引导从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词.关系代词有 who, whose, whom, that, which. 它们在句中可用作主语,表语,宾语,定语. 在主句中,它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词.
八。 不定代词:
①all / both
a.both用于两个人或事物,all用于两个以上的人或事物,均可作主语。
All (of us) like fruits.        /Both (of them) are good at English.
b.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同,位于行为动词之前;位于be动词之后。
They all (或both) agreed with me.       /They are all (或both) very healthy.
I know them all (或both).
②one / it(人称代词)
one 代替可数名词,表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个,其复数形式带定语时用ones,不带定语时用some。而it则用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身,既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词。
I don't have a watch but I'm going to buy one(或some).
I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me.
③no one / none
no one 只用于指人,而none 既可指人也可指物。如果说"若干人(物)之中一个也不",用"none of",后接复数名词时,谓语可以用复数,也可用单数;后接不可数名词时,谓语用单数。如:
No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.
None of them have(或has)arrived yet.(不用no one)
None of the money is mine.
④some / any /no /every +(thing, one, body等。)
some 类用于肯定句,any类用于否定和疑问句。
I know nothing of what had happened to him.
I have little rice, so I can't lend you any.
She is going to buy some new dresses.
注:everyone和every one
前者意思是"每个人",与everybody同义,后面不可跟of短语,后者意思是每个人或物,后面跟of短语。试比较:
everyone in the classroom(教室里的所有的人)
every one of the children(这些孩子中的每一个)
every one of the books(这些书中的每一本)
⑤部分否定与全部否定:
当all, both, each和every(body, thing)等表示整体意义的代词与否定词连用时,一般只表示部分否定,如果表示全部否定,应该用none, no one, neither, nobody, nothing等.
All of the students were not late for the class. 不是所有学生上课都迟到的。
(现代英语中常写成:Not all the students were late for the class.)
None of the students were late for the class.没有一个学生上课迟到的。
具体地说明几个在使用代词时应注意的问题
(一) 指代必须准确无误
我们知道代词是用来指代人或事物的词,那么如果在使用代词时指代不清楚,就会引起他人的误解、费解、甚至不理解.例如:
While carrying the paint can from the garage to the house, Marry was afraid that some of it might spill on her new skirt. 当玛莉从车库把油漆罐搬到屋里时,她担心油漆会溅到她的新裙子上。
(二)关于人称代词、反身代词、物主代词在使用这三类代词时,我们要注意它们在句中的人称、单复数、及性和格的一致性。
(四)物主代词
形容词性物主代词只能作定语,例:
My brother often does his homework in his room. 我的弟弟常在他房间里做作业。
The newly-built house is our laboratory. 那幢新建的房子是我们的实验室。
Anything has its character individually. 任何事物都有其各自的特征。名词性物主代词则可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义= 形容词性物
主代词+名词;或者说它相当于名词。例:
His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. 他的词典是英汉的,我的是全英的。
We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine is about the American history. 我们一人买了一本书。你的是关于管理的,我的是关于美国历史的。
(五)不定代词
英文中主要有这样一些不定代词:every, each, both, all, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no, 另外还有由 some, any, no 和 every 构成的合成代词,如:somebody, anything, nothing等。
1) both , either 和neither
这三个词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物,但各自的意义都不相同:both表示"两个都"、either表示"两个中的任何一个"、 neither表示"两者都不……" 。它们在句中都分别可以作主语、宾语和定语,both还可以作同位语。
2) all
在谈到两个以上的人或事物时,或是不可数的事物时,我们都可以用all ;它在句中可以充当主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外,all指不可数的事物时还可以作表语;有时还可作副词用,例如:
This is all he knew about it. (作表语)
这就是他了解有关这件事的一切。
They were all covered with dust. (作副词) 他们身上尽是尘土。
Her clothes were all wet.(作副词) 她的衣服全湿了。
all 还可以用在一些词组中,如:
all day (整天) all night (整夜) all this(所有这些)
all the year round (整年) all day long (一天到晚) all the time (一直)
3) each 和 every
each和every 这两个词在中文里都有"每一个"的意思,但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点却不同:every 从每一个个体着眼而强调"整体";而each却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑,强调"各个" 。every只能作定语;each则可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外,every可用于[ every other (或every +数词 ) + 名词 ]的结构中,表示"每隔……"之意思:
every other day 每隔一天 every three years 每隔三年
every third year 每隔三年 every other line 每隔一行
every ten miles每隔十哩
4) one
5) 作不定代词时有复数形式ones ,代替前面刚提到的人或事物以避免重复,还可以有自己的定语或冠词;另外还可以用来泛指人,例如:
This problem is a difficult one. 这个问题是个不好解决的问题。
I don't like colored envelopes. I like white ones. 我不喜欢花信封,我喜欢白的。
This film is not as good as the one we saw last week .这片子没有我们上周看的好。
Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.(泛指)谦虚使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。
5)some 与any
some 与any都相当于"一些"之意,但意思并不强,因此汉译时常可省去"一些"这样的字眼。它们作定语时多,这时候some多用于肯定句,any多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。在表示请求、建议、反问或是希望得到肯定回答的疑问句中,常用some而不用any 。另外,some可与数词连用,表示"大约"的意思。如:
Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way to school? 你能在去上学的路上,帮我买几个信封吗?
Will you give me some paper? 请给我一点纸。
Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses. 约有百位教师搬进了新居。
The bridge was built some two hundred years ago. 这座桥大约建于两百年前。
6)few, a few ; little, a little 的用法
few和 a few以及 little和 a little 是两组差异相同词,但前一组用于可数名词,而后一组却用于不可数名词;另外few 与little都有"几乎没有"的否定意思,few用于可数名词,little用于不可数名词;a few与 a little 表示"几个或一点"的肯定意思,a few用于可数名词a little用于不可数名词。
六) 其它
1) one…the other 与some…others ; 这是两组常一起连用的代词短语,指两者之间;前者用于单数,后者用于复数。如:
She has two children. One is a boy; the other is a girl. 她有两个孩子:一个男孩,一个女孩。
They have different ideas about how to spend their weekend. Some think that it is good to have a party. Others prefer to have an outing. 他们对怎么过周末想法不同,有些认为以聚会为好,其他人却要去郊游。
另外, another一词泛指"另一个;又一个",不限制于两者之间。例如:
I think that it is impossible for me to visit another city this time. 我看,我这次是不可能再去观光别的地方了。
He is another friend of mine who I got to know in New Zealand. 他是我在新西兰结识另一个朋友。
2)no与none ,
这两个词都表示否定意义:no = not any 意在强调"连一个、一点都不",它只能作形容词,一般与名词连用;而none则相当于名词,可独立在句中充当成分,也可与介词短语连用--表示在某一范围内"任何一个也不"。
3) 关于合成不定代词
常用的合成不定代词有以下几组:
something某物,某事, somebody某人, someone 某人;
anything任何事物, anybody任何人, anyone任何人 ;
everything一切事/物,everybody每个人,everyone每个人 ;
nothing无事、无物,no one没有人,nobody无人
使用合成不定代词时应注意下面几点:
A) 当它们用作主语时应看作单数。
B) 它们只能作名词,不能看作形容词而充当定语。
C) 如果它们带有修饰语,修饰语只能放在它们的后面。
6.不定代词:some ,any ,all ,both ,none ,one, each ,either ,neither ,other ,another,
something ,anything ,nothing ,anyone ,anybody , someone ,somebody ,nobody
7.关系代词(用于定语从句):who ,whom ,whose,that ,which ,as

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