高职高考英语|什么是介词?下面惠州星华教育老师给大家分享一下,希望对大家有用。
介词的英语全称为“preposition”是由“前缀pre-(在……前部)+position(位置)”构成的,所以又叫前置词。一般放在名词、代词或动名词的前面。
介词是虚词,主要用来表示人、物、事件等与其他人、物、事件之间的关系,如空间位置、时间先后、因果关系、方式方法等。介词与其宾语构成介词短语。可作介词宾语的主要有名词、代词、动名词(或动名词短语)、名词性从句等。 | | |
| | about, across, after, against, among, around, at, below, beyond, during, in, on等等。 |
| | into, onto, throughout, upon, within |
| | according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to等等。 |
| | from among, from behind, from under, till after, in between等等。 |
| | considering(就……而论), including,regarding,concerning等。 |
| | like, unlike, near, next, opposite等等。 |
介词不能独立在句中做成份,介词后必须与名词、代词、或动名词构成介词短语在句中充当一个成分,表示人、物、事件等与其它人、物、事件等之间的关系。 | |
| They didn’t find the solution to the problem. |
| We have breakfast at seven.(表时间)They were late for the meeting because of the heavy rain.(表原因)What do you mean by doing such a thing?(表方法)Nothing in the world could live without air or water.(表条件) |
| When I paid a visit to you yesterday, you were not at home. |
| I found the old building in a bad condition. |
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| | | ②in the 1990s, in January③on Monday, on a warm morning |
| since 指从过去到现在的一段时间,和完成时连用; | ①We have not seen each other since 1995.②I hope to do morning exercises from today. |
| in指在一段时间之后,用于一般将来时,也可以指一段时间之内=within;after表示某一具体时间点之后,用于一般过去时。 | ①We’ll be back in three days.②After seven the rain began to fall. |
| in the end作“最后”、“终于”解,单独作句子成分,后不接介词of;at the end of 表示“在……末梢”,“到……尽头”,既可指时间,也可以指地上或物体。不可单独使用;by the end of 作“在……结束时”,“到……末为止”解,只能指时间。不可单独使用。 | ①In the end they reached a place of safety.②At the end of the road stands a beautiful garden.③They decided to have an English evening at the end of this week.④By the end of last month he had finished the novel. |
| | | ①You are to sit between your father and me.②He is always happy among his classmates. |
注意:但有时说的虽然是三个以上的人或东西,强调的是两两相互间接关系时、在谈到一些事物或一组事物,而把它们视为分居两边时以及在谈事物间的差别时,要用between。 | ①Agreements were made between the ②The little valley lies between high mountains.③They don’t know the difference between wheat, rice and coin. |
| | ①Changchun is in the northeast of China.②Mongolia is on the north of China.③Japan is to the east of China. |
| on只表示在某物的表面上,而用in表示占去某物一部分。 | ①There is a book on the piece of paper. ②There is an interesting article in the③ He dug a hole in the wall. |
| | ②We walked into the park. |
| across则表示从一端至另一端在表面上的通过,与on有关。 | ①Water flows through the pipe.②The old man walked across the street. |
| in the corner 表示在角落里,in指角的内面;on the corner表示“在角上”,on指的不是内面,也不是外面,而含内外兼有之意;at the corner指“在拐角处”,at指的是拐角外附近的外面。 | ①The lamp stands in the corner of the room.②I met with him at the street corner.③He sat on the corner of the table. |
| | besides指“除了……还有;except指“除了,减去什么”,不能放在句首。but 与except意思近似,表示“除了…..外”经常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑问词后面。except for表示“除...外,撇开”。 | ②I never saw him reading anything but the newspaper.③His diary is good except for a few spelling mistakes. |
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| beyond control 无法控制 beyond compare 无可比拟 |
| in course of construction 正在兴建当中 in (good) repair 维修良好的 in course of shipment 定的货正在运输途中 in the charge of 由……负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被……拥有 |
| on holiday/vacation/leave 在休假on show/display/exhibition 在展出 |
| under examination 在被检查/调查中under consideration 在被考虑中 under medical treatment 在被治疗中 |
| against one’s opinion 反对某人的见解for one’s opinion 同意某人的见解at the mercy of 在……支配下;任由……摆布 |
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| in front of(在……前面)——in the front of(在……前部) in charge of(负责)——in the charge of(由……负责) out of question(毫无疑问)——out of the question(不可能) at table(在吃饭;在吃饭时)——at the table(在桌子旁边) |
| know sb.认识某人——know about sb.了解某人 shoot sb.击中某人——shoot at sb.向某人射击search sb.搜身——search for sb.搜寻某人 believe sb.相信某人的话——believe in sb.信任某人的人格 benefit sb.使某人受益——benefit from sb.从某人那里得到益处 |
| serve the people 为人民服务(容易在serve后加for) enter the room 进入房间(容易在enter后加into)follow me 跟在我后面(容易在follow后加behind) marry sb. 与某人结婚(容易在marry后加with)live upstairs 住在楼上(容易在live后面加 in) |
| be caught in the rain 被雨淋着(不用by) leave for some place 动身去某地(不用to) set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样(不用for) in the direction 朝着……方向(不用to) do a favor for sb. 帮某人一个忙(不用to) different from 和……不同(不用with) with the help of 在……的帮助下(不用under) steal sth. from sb.偷某人的东西(不用of)read sth. to sb. 给(为)……读(念)……(不用for) |
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